Corrosion Control · Reinforced Concrete Structures

Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection — engineered corrosion control that outlasts the repair.

IET Pte Ltd designs, installs and monitors galvanic (sacrificial anode) cathodic protection systems for reinforced concrete assets across Singapore — from rail and tunnel infrastructure to marine, water and building structures. Every system is designed by an AMPP-certified corrosion specialist to BS EN ISO 12696:2022 and AMPP/NACE SP0216.

Design standard
BS EN ISO 12696:2022
Installation practice
AMPP / NACE SP0216
Design competence
AMPP CP4 Corrosion Specialist
System design life
Up to 10 years, monitored

The Problem

Why concrete patch repairs fail — the incipient anode effect

When chloride- or carbonation-contaminated concrete is patch-repaired, the new repair mortar creates a fresh, highly alkaline zone around the reinforcement. Electrochemically, the repaired steel becomes cathodic — and the contaminated concrete immediately surrounding the patch becomes the new anode. Corrosion does not stop; it relocates to the patch perimeter.

This is the incipient anode (or "halo") effect, and it is the single most common reason concrete repairs on chloride-affected structures fail within five to eight years of completion.

Repair without protection is a five-year fix. Sacrificial anode cathodic protection arrests the electrochemical cell at its source — protecting both the repair and the surrounding parent concrete, and turning a short-lived patch into a durable rehabilitation.
Cross-section showing a galvanic zinc anode tied to reinforcement at a repair patch boundary, with a protection zone extending into chloride-contaminated parent concrete. REPAIR PATCH CHLORIDE- CONTAMINATED CHLORIDE- CONTAMINATED REINFORCEMENT GALVANIC ZINC ANODES AT PATCH BOUNDARY SACRIFICIAL CURRENT PROTECTS STEEL PROTECTION ZONE ≥300 mm FROM PATCH
Galvanic zinc anodes tied to the reinforcement at the repair boundary sacrifice themselves preferentially, polarising the steel and extending a designed protection zone into the contaminated parent concrete.

Our Services

A complete corrosion control capability — from survey to long-term monitoring

STAGE 1

Corrosion Condition Assessment

We establish the true condition of the structure before any repair or protection design is committed.

  • Half-cell potential mapping (ASTM C876)
  • Chloride sampling and depth profiling
  • Carbonation depth testing
  • Cover meter and GPR reinforcement surveys
  • Delamination and spall condition surveys
  • Condition report with prioritised recommendations
STAGE 2

SACP System Design

Every system is engineered from the measured data — not from a catalogue.

  • Design to BS EN ISO 12696:2022 and AMPP/NACE SP0216
  • Anode spacing calculated from chloride profile, steel density and required current density
  • Designed protection zone extending beyond every repair boundary
  • Polarisation criterion: 100 mV potential shift
  • Design life modelling of up to 10 years
  • Design endorsed by an AMPP CP4-certified Corrosion Specialist
STAGE 3

Supply & Installation

Installed by trained crews, integrated seamlessly with concrete repair works.

  • High-alkaline, mortar-activated galvanic zinc anodes (halide-free)
  • Electrical continuity testing of all reinforcement connections before encapsulation
  • Baseline (native) potential surveys prior to energising
  • Hold-point inspection and test plans with specialist sign-off
  • Works planned for live operational environments, including night engineering-hours access
STAGE 4

Monitoring & Maintenance

Cathodic protection is only as good as its verification. We offer structured monitoring contracts for the life of the system.

  • Six-monthly half-cell potential and depolarisation surveys
  • Verification against the 100 mV polarisation criterion
  • Annual performance reports for the asset owner
  • Remedial recommendations where protection margins reduce
Integrated Packages

We also deliver SACP as part of complete rehabilitation packages — combining structural concrete repair, polymer-modified repair mortars, crack injection and anti-carbonation surface protection coatings to BS EN 1504 — so the asset owner deals with one accountable contractor for the whole repair-and-protect scope.

Sectors We Serve

Built for Singapore's most demanding concrete environments

Rail & Tunnel Infrastructure

Tunnel linings, escape shafts and station structures — with proven capability to work within restricted night engineering-hours and rail safety regimes.

Marine & Coastal Structures

Jetties, wharves, quay walls and coastal bridges where chloride-induced corrosion is most aggressive.

Water & Wastewater Assets

Pumping stations, sumps, treatment structures and drainage assets exposed to chlorides and biogenic acid attack.

Bridges & Viaducts

Decks, crossheads, piers and parapets affected by carbonation and de-icing or marine-borne chlorides.

Buildings, Basements & Carparks

Basement slabs, columns and multi-storey carpark decks with chloride contamination or advanced carbonation.

Industrial & Plant Structures

Process structures, bunds and foundations in chemically aggressive service environments.

Why IET

Certified competence, standards-led delivery

Cathodic protection is a specialist electrochemical discipline. We invest in the certifications, standards knowledge and quality systems that asset owners and consultants expect of a corrosion control partner — and we put them in writing.

Talk to our corrosion team

FAQ

Common questions on cathodic protection

What is the difference between SACP and ICCP?
Sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP) uses galvanic anodes — typically zinc — that corrode preferentially to protect the reinforcement, with no external power supply. Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) drives protective current from a permanent rectifier through inert anodes. SACP is generally preferred for localised repair-zone protection and structures where a permanent power supply and control system are impractical; ICCP suits large, heavily contaminated structures requiring higher, adjustable current. We advise on both and can deliver impressed current systems together with our specialist partners.
What type of anodes do you install?
We install high-alkaline, mortar-activated galvanic zinc anodes. We do not use halide-activated anodes, which introduce additional chlorides into the concrete and are excluded by leading infrastructure specifications in Singapore.
How long does an SACP system last?
Systems are designed for a service life of up to 10 years, calculated from the measured chloride profile, steel density and required protection current. Actual performance is verified through periodic monitoring — which is why we recommend a monitoring contract for the design life of the system.
How do you prove the system is working?
Performance is verified against the criteria of BS EN ISO 12696 — principally a 100 mV potential decay (depolarisation) measured at embedded or surface reference points. We carry out baseline surveys at installation and periodic surveys thereafter, and issue formal performance reports for the asset owner's records.
Can SACP be installed on an operating asset — for example, a live rail or plant environment?
Yes. Our installation methodologies are developed for live operational environments, including night engineering-hours working, permit-to-work regimes and stray-current control zones. Works are sequenced with the concrete repair programme so that continuity testing and anode installation add no additional possessions or shutdowns.
Do you provide condition surveys only, without committing to repair works?
Yes. Our corrosion condition assessment is offered as a standalone service, producing an independent condition report with half-cell mapping, chloride and carbonation data, and prioritised recommendations that the asset owner may use for planning, budgeting or tendering purposes.

Get In Touch

Request a corrosion assessment

Tell us about your structure and its environment, and our corrosion team will propose the right level of investigation — from a preliminary walkover to a full instrumented condition survey.

IET Pte Ltd
212 Hougang Street 21, #04-345, Singapore 530212
Tel: +65 9190 2627
Email: contact@iet.com.sg
Web: iet.com.sg
Email our corrosion team